Behind the Wobble: What Dog Owners Should Know About Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is one of the most common joint problems seen in dogs, especially in larger breeds. It can sound like a scary diagnosis—but with the right information, support, and care, your dog can still live a happy, active life.

Let’s break it down so you know what to look for, what options are available, and how veterinary physiotherapy can help.

What is Hip Dysplasia?

Hip dysplasia is a developmental orthopedic condition where the hip joint doesn't fit together properly. Instead of a smooth ball-and-socket joint, the head of the thigh bone (femur) doesn't sit snugly in the hip socket. This poor fit leads to laxity and causes abnormal wear and tear, leading to pain, inflammation, joint instability, and eventually arthritis.

Signs of Hip Dysplasia: What You Might Notice

Dogs are great at hiding pain, so early signs can be subtle. Here are some things to watch for:

• Stiffness in the back legs, especially after rest

• Bunny hopping or skipping when running

• Difficulty getting up, climbing stairs, or jumping into the car

• A swaying or wobbly walk

• Loss of muscle mass in the back legs

• Reluctance to exercise or changes in behavior (irritability, withdrawal)

If your dog shows any of these signs, it’s worth speaking to your vet.

What Can Causes It?

Several factors can increase a dog’s risk of developing hip dysplasia:

• Genetics – It’s often inherited.

• Rapid growth – Especially in large breed puppies fed high-calorie diets.

• Excessive exercise – Particularly high-impact activity in young dogs.

• Obesity – Extra weight puts more stress on the joints.

• Poor muscle development – Weak muscles can’t support the joint well.

• Age – While hip dysplasia is developmental, the clinical signs often worsen with age due to progressive joint degeneration and the onset of arthritis.

Breeds Commonly Affected

Some breeds are more genetically predisposed than others, particularly:

• German Shepherds

• Labrador Retrievers

• Golden Retrievers

• Rottweilers

• Bernese Mountain Dogs

• Mastiffs

• Saint Bernards

However, hip dysplasia can occur in any breed or mix, especially if the dog is overweight or grew too quickly as a puppy.

Diagnosis: What Happens at the Vet

Diagnosis is usually made by a physical exam and X-rays. Your vet may check for signs of reduced range of motion, pain, or joint laxity (looseness). Advanced imaging may be needed.

Once diagnosed, treatment options depend on the severity and your dog’s age, lifestyle, and general health.

Treatment Options: From Surgery to Supportive Care

Mild to moderate cases can often be managed conservatively:

• Weight management – Keeping your dog lean is crucial.

• Anti-inflammatory medications – These reduce pain and swelling.

• Joint supplements – Glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3s can help.

• Controlled exercise – Regular, gentle activity keeps muscles strong and joints moving.

Severe cases may require surgical options.

How Veterinary Physiotherapy Can Help

As veterinary physiotherapists, we play a key role in improving your dog’s quality of life—before and after surgery, or as part of conservative treatment.

Here’s how we help:

• Tailored exercise programs to strengthen hip-supporting muscles

• Manual therapies (massage, mobilisations) to reduce pain and stiffness

• Hydrotherapy – A gentle, low-impact way to build muscle

• Home environment advice – Managing slippery floors, ramps, or stairs

• Pain management – Using tools like laser, TENS or PEMF

Video by Tudor Canine Hydrotherapy Centre

Managing Hip Dysplasia: Older Dog vs. Younger Dog

Older Dog with Hip Dysplasia

• Management focuses on pain relief, mobility support, and slowing arthritis progression.

• Physiotherapy is aimed at maintaining strength, improving joint stability, and reducing stiffness & pain.

• Weight control and joint supplements are essential, and medications like NSAIDs may be needed long-term.

  • Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) – reduce inflammation and may improve joint comfort.

  • Green-lipped mussel – a natural anti-inflammatory with joint-protective benefits.

• Surgery is less commonly performed unless quality of life is severely impacted.

Younger Dog with Hip Dysplasia

• Goals include correcting joint instability early, slowing down degeneration, and supporting proper development.

• Physiotherapy focuses on muscle building and controlled exercise to support joint function and prevent abnormal compensation.

• Early diagnosis is key for long-term joint health and mobility.

• Weight control and joint supplements are also essential

  • Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate – help protect and rebuild joint cartilage.

  • Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) – reduce inflammation and may improve joint comfort.

  • Hyaluronic acid – supports joint lubrication and shock absorption.

• Surgical options may be considered depending on age and severity.

What You Can Do at Home

Your daily care makes a huge difference. Here are tips to help your dog feel better:

• Maintain a healthy weight – Talk to your vet about ideal body condition.

• Use rugs or mats on slippery floors to prevent slips and falls.

• Elevated food and water bowls can ease compensatory discomfort.

• Gentle daily walks – Avoid long runs or high-impact games.

• Keep nails trimmed for better traction.

• Supportive bedding – Orthopedic beds can help reduce pressure on joints.

Final Thoughts

Hip dysplasia may sound daunting, but with the right management and ongoing care, dogs with this condition can still live long, happy, and active lives. Early intervention, appropriate treatment, and consistent support—especially through veterinary physiotherapy—can make a world of difference in your dog’s comfort and mobility.

As an owner, your initiative is key. By recognizing the signs, seeking a proper diagnosis, and committing to a management plan, you're giving your dog the best chance at a pain-free, fulfilling life.

We're here to guide and support you every step of the way.